- Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Example
- Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Permissions
- Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Guide
- Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Settings
Postico makes PostgreSQL approachable. PostgreSQL is an absurdly powerful database, but there's no reason why using it should require an advanced degree in relational theory. Postico provides an easy to use interface, making Postgres more accessible for newcomers and specialists alike. Postico A Modern PostgreSQL Client for the Mac. Version 1.5.14 was released on Jul 17, 2020. I've set up a Github repository for public feature requests. Checkpoint Settings. For PostgreSQL 9.4 and below: checkpointsegments: A number of checkpoint segments (16 megabytes each) to give the Write Ahead Log system. The default is 3, and can safely be increased to 64 for even small databases. For PostgreSQL 9.5 and above: maxwalsize: This replaced checkpointsegments as a setting.
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23.3. Character Set Support | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Prev | Up | Chapter 23. Localization | Home | Next |
- 23.3.1. Supported Character Sets
- 23.3.2. Setting the Character Set
- 23.3.3. Automatic Character Set Conversion Between Server and Client
- 23.3.4. Further Reading
The character set support in PostgreSQL allows you to store text in a variety of character sets (also called encodings), including single-byte character sets such as the ISO 8859 series and multiple-byte character sets such as EUC (Extended Unix Code), UTF-8, and Mule internal code. All supported character sets can be used transparently by clients, but a few are not supported for use within the server (that is, as a server-side encoding). The default character set is selected while initializing your PostgreSQL database cluster using initdb
. It can be overridden when you create a database, so you can have multiple databases each with a different character set.
An important restriction, however, is that each database's character set must be compatible with the database's LC_CTYPE
(character classification) and LC_COLLATE
(string sort order) locale settings. For C
or POSIX
locale, any character set is allowed, but for other libc-provided locales there is only one character set that will work correctly. (On Windows, however, UTF-8 encoding can be used with any locale.) If you have ICU support configured, ICU-provided locales can be used with most but not all server-side encodings.
Table 23.1 shows the character sets available for use in PostgreSQL.
Table 23.1. PostgreSQL Character Sets
Name | Description | Language | Server? | ICU? | Bytes/Char | Aliases |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BIG5 | Big Five | Traditional Chinese | No | No | 1-2 | WIN950 , Windows950 |
EUC_CN | Extended UNIX Code-CN | Simplified Chinese | Yes | Yes | 1-3 | |
EUC_JP | Extended UNIX Code-JP | Japanese | Yes | Yes | 1-3 | |
EUC_JIS_2004 | Extended UNIX Code-JP, JIS X 0213 | Japanese | Yes | No | 1-3 | |
EUC_KR | Extended UNIX Code-KR | Korean | Yes | Yes | 1-3 | |
EUC_TW | Extended UNIX Code-TW | Traditional Chinese, Taiwanese | Yes | Yes | 1-3 | |
GB18030 | National Standard | Chinese | No | No | 1-4 | |
GBK | Extended National Standard | Simplified Chinese | No | No | 1-2 | WIN936 , Windows936 |
ISO_8859_5 | ISO 8859-5, ECMA 113 | Latin/Cyrillic | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
ISO_8859_6 | ISO 8859-6, ECMA 114 | Latin/Arabic | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
ISO_8859_7 | ISO 8859-7, ECMA 118 | Latin/Greek | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
ISO_8859_8 | ISO 8859-8, ECMA 121 | Latin/Hebrew | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
JOHAB | JOHAB | Korean (Hangul) | No | No | 1-3 | |
KOI8R | KOI8-R | Cyrillic (Russian) | Yes | Yes | 1 | KOI8 |
KOI8U | KOI8-U | Cyrillic (Ukrainian) | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
LATIN1 | ISO 8859-1, ECMA 94 | Western European | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO88591 |
LATIN2 | ISO 8859-2, ECMA 94 | Central European | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO88592 |
LATIN3 | ISO 8859-3, ECMA 94 | South European | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO88593 |
LATIN4 | ISO 8859-4, ECMA 94 | North European | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO88594 |
LATIN5 | ISO 8859-9, ECMA 128 | Turkish | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO88599 |
LATIN6 | ISO 8859-10, ECMA 144 | Nordic | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO885910 |
LATIN7 | ISO 8859-13 | Baltic | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO885913 |
LATIN8 | ISO 8859-14 | Celtic | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO885914 |
LATIN9 | ISO 8859-15 | LATIN1 with Euro and accents | Yes | Yes | 1 | ISO885915 |
LATIN10 | ISO 8859-16, ASRO SR 14111 | Romanian | Yes | No | 1 | ISO885916 |
MULE_INTERNAL | Mule internal code | Multilingual Emacs | Yes | No | 1-4 | |
SJIS | Shift JIS | Japanese | No | No | 1-2 | Mskanji , ShiftJIS , WIN932 , Windows932 |
SHIFT_JIS_2004 | Shift JIS, JIS X 0213 | Japanese | No | No | 1-2 | |
SQL_ASCII | unspecified (see text) | any | Yes | No | 1 | |
UHC | Unified Hangul Code | Korean | No | No | 1-2 | WIN949 , Windows949 |
UTF8 | Unicode, 8-bit | all | Yes | Yes | 1-4 | Unicode |
WIN866 | Windows CP866 | Cyrillic | Yes | Yes | 1 | ALT |
WIN874 | Windows CP874 | Thai | Yes | No | 1 | |
WIN1250 | Windows CP1250 | Central European | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1251 | Windows CP1251 | Cyrillic | Yes | Yes | 1 | WIN |
WIN1252 | Windows CP1252 | Western European | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1253 | Windows CP1253 | Greek | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1254 | Windows CP1254 | Turkish | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1255 | Windows CP1255 | Hebrew | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1256 | Windows CP1256 | Arabic | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1257 | Windows CP1257 | Baltic | Yes | Yes | 1 | |
WIN1258 | Windows CP1258 | Vietnamese | Yes | Yes | 1 | ABC , TCVN , TCVN5712 , VSCII |
Not all client APIs support all the listed character sets. For example, the PostgreSQL JDBC driver does not support MULE_INTERNAL
, LATIN6
, LATIN8
, and LATIN10
.
The SQL_ASCII
setting behaves considerably differently from the other settings. When the server character set is SQL_ASCII
, the server interprets byte values 0-127 according to the ASCII standard, while byte values 128-255 are taken as uninterpreted characters. No encoding conversion will be done when the setting is SQL_ASCII
. Thus, this setting is not so much a declaration that a specific encoding is in use, as a declaration of ignorance about the encoding. In most cases, if you are working with any non-ASCII data, it is unwise to use the SQL_ASCII
setting because PostgreSQL will be unable to help you by converting or validating non-ASCII characters.
initdb
defines the default character set (encoding) for a PostgreSQL cluster. For example,
sets the default character set to EUC_JP
(Extended Unix Code for Japanese). You can use --encoding
instead of -E
if you prefer longer option strings. If no -E
or --encoding
option is given, initdb
attempts to determine the appropriate encoding to use based on the specified or default locale.
You can specify a non-default encoding at database creation time, provided that the encoding is compatible with the selected locale:
Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Example
This will create a database named korean
that uses the character set EUC_KR
, and locale ko_KR
. Another way to accomplish this is to use this SQL command:
Notice that the above commands specify copying the template0
database. When copying any other database, the encoding and locale settings cannot be changed from those of the source database, because that might result in corrupt data. For more information see Section 22.3.
The encoding for a database is stored in the system catalog pg_database
. You can see it by using the psql
-l
option or the l
command.
Important
On most modern operating systems, PostgreSQL can determine which character set is implied by the LC_CTYPE
setting, and it will enforce that only the matching database encoding is used. On older systems it is your responsibility to ensure that you use the encoding expected by the locale you have selected. A mistake in this area is likely to lead to strange behavior of locale-dependent operations such as sorting.
PostgreSQL will allow superusers to create databases with SQL_ASCII
encoding even when LC_CTYPE
is not C
or POSIX
. As noted above, SQL_ASCII
does not enforce that the data stored in the database has any particular encoding, and so this choice poses risks of locale-dependent misbehavior. Using this combination of settings is deprecated and may someday be forbidden altogether.
23.3.3. Automatic Character Set Conversion Between Server and Client
PostgreSQL supports automatic character set conversion between server and client for certain character set combinations. The conversion information is stored in the pg_conversion
system catalog. PostgreSQL comes with some predefined conversions, as shown in Table 23.2. You can create a new conversion using the SQL command CREATE CONVERSION
.
Table 23.2. Client/Server Character Set Conversions
Server Character Set | Available Client Character Sets |
---|---|
BIG5 | not supported as a server encoding |
EUC_CN | EUC_CN, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
EUC_JP | EUC_JP, MULE_INTERNAL , SJIS , UTF8 |
EUC_JIS_2004 | EUC_JIS_2004, SHIFT_JIS_2004 , UTF8 |
EUC_KR | EUC_KR, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
EUC_TW | EUC_TW, BIG5 , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
GB18030 | not supported as a server encoding |
GBK | not supported as a server encoding |
ISO_8859_5 | ISO_8859_5, KOI8R , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 , WIN866 , WIN1251 |
ISO_8859_6 | ISO_8859_6, UTF8 |
ISO_8859_7 | ISO_8859_7, UTF8 |
ISO_8859_8 | ISO_8859_8, UTF8 |
JOHAB | not supported as a server encoding |
KOI8R | KOI8R, ISO_8859_5 , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 , WIN866 , WIN1251 |
KOI8U | KOI8U, UTF8 |
LATIN1 | LATIN1, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
LATIN2 | LATIN2, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 , WIN1250 |
LATIN3 | LATIN3, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
LATIN4 | LATIN4, MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
LATIN5 | LATIN5, UTF8 |
LATIN6 | LATIN6, UTF8 |
LATIN7 | LATIN7, UTF8 |
LATIN8 | LATIN8, UTF8 |
LATIN9 | LATIN9, UTF8 |
LATIN10 | LATIN10, UTF8 |
MULE_INTERNAL | MULE_INTERNAL, BIG5 , EUC_CN , EUC_JP , EUC_KR , EUC_TW , ISO_8859_5 , KOI8R , LATIN1 to LATIN4 , SJIS , WIN866 , WIN1250 , WIN1251 |
SJIS | not supported as a server encoding |
SHIFT_JIS_2004 | not supported as a server encoding |
SQL_ASCII | any (no conversion will be performed) |
UHC | not supported as a server encoding |
UTF8 | all supported encodings |
WIN866 | WIN866, ISO_8859_5 , KOI8R , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 , WIN1251 |
WIN874 | WIN874, UTF8 |
WIN1250 | WIN1250, LATIN2 , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 |
WIN1251 | WIN1251, ISO_8859_5 , KOI8R , MULE_INTERNAL , UTF8 , WIN866 |
WIN1252 | WIN1252, UTF8 |
WIN1253 | WIN1253, UTF8 |
WIN1254 | WIN1254, UTF8 |
WIN1255 | WIN1255, UTF8 |
WIN1256 | WIN1256, UTF8 |
WIN1257 | WIN1257, UTF8 |
WIN1258 | WIN1258, UTF8 |
To enable automatic character set conversion, you have to tell PostgreSQL the character set (encoding) you would like to use in the client. There are several ways to accomplish this:
Using the
encoding
command in psql.encoding
allows you to change client encoding on the fly. For example, to change the encoding toSJIS
, type:libpq (Section 34.10) has functions to control the client encoding.
Using
SET client_encoding TO
. Setting the client encoding can be done with this SQL command:Also you can use the standard SQL syntax
SET NAMES
for this purpose:Clean writer pro 1 2 – powerful text editor. To query the current client encoding:
Colorfinale 2 0 48. To return to the default encoding:
Using
PGCLIENTENCODING
. If the environment variablePGCLIENTENCODING
is defined in the client's environment, that client encoding is automatically selected when a connection to the server is made. (This can subsequently be overridden using any of the other methods mentioned above.)Afterglow xbox one controller app download. Using the configuration variable client_encoding. If the
client_encoding
variable is set, that client encoding is automatically selected when a connection to the server is made. (This can subsequently be overridden using any of the other methods mentioned above.)
If the conversion of a particular character is not possible — suppose you chose EUC_JP
for the server and LATIN1
for the client, and some Japanese characters are returned that do not have a representation in LATIN1
— an error is reported.
If the client character set is defined as SQL_ASCII
, encoding conversion is disabled, regardless of the server's character set. Just as for the server, use of SQL_ASCII
is unwise unless you are working with all-ASCII data.
These are good sources to start learning about various kinds of encoding systems.
Contains detailed explanations of EUC_JP
, EUC_CN
, EUC_KR
, EUC_TW
.
The web site of the Unicode Consortium.
Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Permissions
UTF-8 (8-bit UCS/Unicode Transformation Format) is defined here.
Prev | Up | Next |
23.2. Collation Support | Home | Chapter 24. Routine Database Maintenance Tasks |
By default PostgreSQL is configured to be bound to 'localhost'.
As we can see above port 5432
is bound to 127.0.0.1
. It means anyattempt to connect to the postgresql server from outside the machine will be refused.We can try hitting the port 5432
by using telnet.
Configuring postgresql.conf
In order to fix this issue we need to find postgresql.conf
. Indifferent systems it is located at different place. I usually search forit.
Open postgresql.conf
file and replace line
Macintosh backup drive. with
Now restart postgresql server.
Here we can see that 'Local Address' for port 5432
has changed to 0.0.0.0
.
Configuring pg_hba.conf
Let's try to connect to remote postgresql server using 'psql'.
Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Setting Guide
In order to fix it, open pg_hba.conf
and add following entry at thevery end.
The second entry is for IPv6 network.
Do not get confused by 'md5' option mentioned above. All it means isthat a password needs to be provided. If you want client to allowcollection without providing any password then change 'md5' to 'trust'and that will allow connection unconditionally.
Postico 1 5 3 – A Modern Postgresql Client Settings
Mac blu ray player 3 1 4 download free. Restart postgresql server.
You should be able to see list of databases.
Now we are able to connect to postgresql server remotely.
Please note that in the real world you should be using extra layer ofsecurity by using 'iptables'.